Raspberry ketone August 2013
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Raspberry ketone, 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one, p-Hydroxybenzyl acetone; 4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone;
Frambinone; Oxyphenylon; Rheosmin; Rasketone
INTRODUCTION
Raspberry ketone, a phenolic compound, is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries. Raspberry ketone
occurs in different fruits including raspberries, cranberries and blackberries. The concentration of raspberry ketone is
about 1-4 mg per Kg in raspberries. However, raspberry ketone also can be produced synthetically from 4-
hydroxybenzaldehyde via catalytic hydrogenation. It is used in perfume, food and cosmetics.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Fat Conditions
The dietary administration of Raspberry ketone to male mice has been reported to prevent high-fat diet-induced
elevation in body weight and to increase lipolysis in white adipocytes. In a vitro study, treatment with 10 µM of
Raspberry ketone increased lipolysis significantly in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Raspberry ketone increased both the
expression and the secretion of adiponectin, an adipocytokine mainly expressed and secreted by adipose tissue. In
addition, treatment with 10 µM of raspberry ketone increased the fatty acid oxidation and suppressed lipid
accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. [3]
Fatty Liver
In an animal study, raspberry ketone prevented and improved obesity and fatty liver. In the study, mice were fed a
high-fat diet including 0.5, 1, or 2% of raspberry ketone for 10 weeks; another group of mice were given a high-fat
diet for 6 weeks and subsequently fed the same high-fat diet containing 1% raspberry ketone for the next 5 weeks.
Raspberry ketone prevented the high-fat-diet-induced elevations in body weight and the weights of the liver and
visceral adipose tissues. In the study, raspberry ketone also decreased these weights and hepatic triacylglycerol
content after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. Thus, raspberry ketone may benefit people at risk of obesity
and fatty liver. [5]
Obesity
A blend of raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium, Prograde Metabolism™, was
supplied as an adjunct to 70 obese subjects for eight-week. Of the 45 subjects who the study, change in body weight,
less mass, waist girth, hip girth were observed. [6]
Skin Conditions
Topical application of capsaicin has been found to increase facial skin elasticity and promote hair growth. Raspberry
ketone has a structure similar to that of capsaicin. Raspberry ketone was found to be able to activate sensory
neurons, thereby increasing skin elasticity and promoting hair growth by increasing dermal IGF-I production. In a
study, raspberry ketone, topical application of 0.01% Raspberry ketone increased dermal IGF-I levels at 30 min after
application in mice. Topical application of 0.01% Raspberry ketone also promoted hair re-growth in mice at 4 weeks
after the application. When applied topically to the scalp and facial skin, 0.01% Raspberry ketone promoted hair
growth in 50.0% of humans with alopecia at 5 months after application and increased cheek skin elasticity at 2 weeks
after application in 5 females. [2] Thus, raspberry ketone may provide benefits of promoting hair growth and
increasing skin elasticity. [2] Thus raspberry ketone was an effective intervention for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in
rats. Raspberry ketone may have a dual effect of liver protection and fat reduction. A rat study suggests that the
mechanism may be related to alleviation of fatty degeneration of liver cells, decreased liver inflammation, correction
of dyslipidemia, reversal of leptin and insulin resistance, and improved antioxidant capacity. [4]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
METABOLISM
Following an intragastric dose (1 mmol/kg) in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits, urinary metabolite excretion was nearly
complete within 24 h. The most prominent urinary metabolites were raspberry ketone and its corresponding carbinol,
both largely conjugated with glucuronic acid and/or sulphate. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
RELATED ARTICLES
Obesity Prevention
Obesity is a disease
Loss weight fast
Glycemic Index
South Beach Diet
____________________________________________________________________________________________
STATEMENT
Though studies suggest the potential benefits of raspberry ketone on obesity, fatty liver and other conditions, more
scientific evidence are needed to support the claims. Raspberry ketone is NOT a medicine, readers should discuss
with their medical doctor before taking it or other supplements. This article is for reference only, readers should
discuss with their doctor for medical advice. Finally, please, do not transfer nor copy the content to other website(s).
Thanks.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCE
[1] Sporstøl S, et al, The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (raspberry ketone) in rats, guinea-pigs and
rabbits Xenobiotica. 1982 Apr;12(4):249-57.
[2]. Harada N, et al, Effect of topical application of raspberry ketone on dermal production of insulin-like growth factor-
I in mice and on hair growth and skin elasticity in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2008 Aug;18(4):335-44.
[3] Park KS. Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med.
2010 Oct;76(15):1654-8.
[4] Wang L, et al, Raspberry ketone protects rats fed high-fat diets against nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis . J Med Food.
2012 May;15(5):495-503
[5] Morimoto C et al, Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone. Life Sci. 2005 May 27;77(2):194-204.
[6] Lopez HL, et al, Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body
composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports
Nutr. 2013 Apr 19;10(1):22.
Frambinone; Oxyphenylon; Rheosmin; Rasketone
INTRODUCTION
Raspberry ketone, a phenolic compound, is the primary aroma compound of red raspberries. Raspberry ketone
occurs in different fruits including raspberries, cranberries and blackberries. The concentration of raspberry ketone is
about 1-4 mg per Kg in raspberries. However, raspberry ketone also can be produced synthetically from 4-
hydroxybenzaldehyde via catalytic hydrogenation. It is used in perfume, food and cosmetics.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
POTENTIAL HEALTH BENEFITS - SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Fat Conditions
The dietary administration of Raspberry ketone to male mice has been reported to prevent high-fat diet-induced
elevation in body weight and to increase lipolysis in white adipocytes. In a vitro study, treatment with 10 µM of
Raspberry ketone increased lipolysis significantly in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Raspberry ketone increased both the
expression and the secretion of adiponectin, an adipocytokine mainly expressed and secreted by adipose tissue. In
addition, treatment with 10 µM of raspberry ketone increased the fatty acid oxidation and suppressed lipid
accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. [3]
Fatty Liver
In an animal study, raspberry ketone prevented and improved obesity and fatty liver. In the study, mice were fed a
high-fat diet including 0.5, 1, or 2% of raspberry ketone for 10 weeks; another group of mice were given a high-fat
diet for 6 weeks and subsequently fed the same high-fat diet containing 1% raspberry ketone for the next 5 weeks.
Raspberry ketone prevented the high-fat-diet-induced elevations in body weight and the weights of the liver and
visceral adipose tissues. In the study, raspberry ketone also decreased these weights and hepatic triacylglycerol
content after they had been increased by a high-fat diet. Thus, raspberry ketone may benefit people at risk of obesity
and fatty liver. [5]
Obesity
A blend of raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium, Prograde Metabolism™, was
supplied as an adjunct to 70 obese subjects for eight-week. Of the 45 subjects who the study, change in body weight,
less mass, waist girth, hip girth were observed. [6]
Skin Conditions
Topical application of capsaicin has been found to increase facial skin elasticity and promote hair growth. Raspberry
ketone has a structure similar to that of capsaicin. Raspberry ketone was found to be able to activate sensory
neurons, thereby increasing skin elasticity and promoting hair growth by increasing dermal IGF-I production. In a
study, raspberry ketone, topical application of 0.01% Raspberry ketone increased dermal IGF-I levels at 30 min after
application in mice. Topical application of 0.01% Raspberry ketone also promoted hair re-growth in mice at 4 weeks
after the application. When applied topically to the scalp and facial skin, 0.01% Raspberry ketone promoted hair
growth in 50.0% of humans with alopecia at 5 months after application and increased cheek skin elasticity at 2 weeks
after application in 5 females. [2] Thus, raspberry ketone may provide benefits of promoting hair growth and
increasing skin elasticity. [2] Thus raspberry ketone was an effective intervention for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in
rats. Raspberry ketone may have a dual effect of liver protection and fat reduction. A rat study suggests that the
mechanism may be related to alleviation of fatty degeneration of liver cells, decreased liver inflammation, correction
of dyslipidemia, reversal of leptin and insulin resistance, and improved antioxidant capacity. [4]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
METABOLISM
Following an intragastric dose (1 mmol/kg) in rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits, urinary metabolite excretion was nearly
complete within 24 h. The most prominent urinary metabolites were raspberry ketone and its corresponding carbinol,
both largely conjugated with glucuronic acid and/or sulphate. [1]
____________________________________________________________________________________________
RELATED ARTICLES
Obesity Prevention
Obesity is a disease
Loss weight fast
Glycemic Index
South Beach Diet
____________________________________________________________________________________________
STATEMENT
Though studies suggest the potential benefits of raspberry ketone on obesity, fatty liver and other conditions, more
scientific evidence are needed to support the claims. Raspberry ketone is NOT a medicine, readers should discuss
with their medical doctor before taking it or other supplements. This article is for reference only, readers should
discuss with their doctor for medical advice. Finally, please, do not transfer nor copy the content to other website(s).
Thanks.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
REFERENCE
[1] Sporstøl S, et al, The metabolism of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-one (raspberry ketone) in rats, guinea-pigs and
rabbits Xenobiotica. 1982 Apr;12(4):249-57.
[2]. Harada N, et al, Effect of topical application of raspberry ketone on dermal production of insulin-like growth factor-
I in mice and on hair growth and skin elasticity in humans. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2008 Aug;18(4):335-44.
[3] Park KS. Raspberry ketone increases both lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Planta Med.
2010 Oct;76(15):1654-8.
[4] Wang L, et al, Raspberry ketone protects rats fed high-fat diets against nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis . J Med Food.
2012 May;15(5):495-503
[5] Morimoto C et al, Anti-obese action of raspberry ketone. Life Sci. 2005 May 27;77(2):194-204.
[6] Lopez HL, et al, Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body
composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports
Nutr. 2013 Apr 19;10(1):22.