Parabens
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Parabens are the most commonly used preservatives in cosmetic,
pharmaceutical, and industrial products. Some animal studies have reported
adverse reproductive effects of parabens. In an uterotrophic assay,
subcutaneous administration of butyl paraben produced a weak positive
response. [3]
The parabens also have inherent oestrogenic and other hormone related activity
(increased progesterone receptor gene expression). As oestrogen is a major
aetiological factor in the growth and development of the majority of human
breast cancers. Darbre et al reports that esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid
(parabens) can be detected in samples of tissue from human breast tumours.
Parabens and other chemicals in underarm cosmetics may contribute to the
rising incidence of breast cancer. [2]
Methyl paraben (CAS No. 99-76-3)
Methyl paraben is readily and completely absorbed through the skin and from
the gastrointestinal tract. There is no evidence of accumulation. Parabens are
reported to cause contact dermatitis reactions in some individuals on cutaneous
exposure. Sensitization has occurred when medications containing parabens
have been applied to damaged or broken skin. Allergic reactions to ingested
parabens have been reported.
[1] Soni MG, Taylor SL, Greenberg NA, Burdock GA. Evaluation of the health
aspects of methyl paraben: a review of the published literature. Food Chem
Toxicol. 2002 Oct;40(10):1335-73. [2] Harvey PW, Everett DJ. Significance of the
detection of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in human breast
tumours. J Appl Toxicol. 2004 Jan-Feb;24(1):1-4. [3] Soni MG, Carabin IG,
Burdock GA. Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens).
Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Jul;43(7):985-1015