Rice Bran Nutrition values AND BENEFITS updated on March 10, 2007. |
Phytonutrients from rice bran have shown promising
disease-preventing and health-related benefits in
experimental research studies. The phytonutrients that have
been studied include include inositol and related
compounds, inositol hexaphosphate (IP6 or phytate), rice oil,
ferulic acid, gamma-oryzanol, plant sterols, tocotrienols and
RICEO, a new rice-bran-derived product. These compounds
may benefit conditions including cancer, hyperlipidemia, fatty
liver, hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and heart disease. [5]
Rice Bran Oil
The available data in humans suggest that rice bran oil
(RBO) is an edible oil of preference for improving plasma
lipid and lipoprotein profiles similar to more commonly used
vegetable oils. Rice bran oil and its main components
(unsaturated fatty acids, triterpene alcohols, phytosterols,
tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol) have demonstrated an ability
to improve the plasma lipid profiles in animal and human
studies, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride
concentration and increasing the high density lipoprotein
cholesterol level. [3,4, 8]
Other potential benefits of rice bran oil and gamma-oryzanol
include modulation of pituitary secretion, inhibition of gastric
acid secretion, antioxidant action and inhibition of platelet
aggregation. [3,4,7, 8]
Tocotrienols
Rice bran, corn, soybean, palm, barley oils and olive oils are
rich in tocotrienols. Tocotrienols are formerly known as zeta-
or eta-tocopherols, and they are structurally and functionally
similar to tocopherols. [1]
Vitamin E is a generic term for all tocopherols and their
derivatives having the biological activity of
RRR-alpha-tocopherol And, they are alpha-, beta-, gamma-
and delta-tocopherol; and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and
delta-tocotrienol. [1]
Similar to Vitamin E, tocotrienols have many potential health
benefits. Tocotrienols possess powerful antioxidant,
anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects.
Alpha-tocotrienol has been found to be multi-fold more
potent than alpha-tocopherol in protecting HT4 and primary
neuronal cells against toxicity induced by toxins such as
glutamate. At very low concentration, tocotrienol, but not
tocopherol, can still protect neurons by an
antioxidant-independent mechanism. [1, 2, 7]
Gamma-oryzanol
Gamma-oryzanol, a natural andioxidant, is a mixture of
ferulic acid esters of sterol and triterpene alcohols. It is
about 1-2% in rice bran oil. Study has shown its benefit on
lowering cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart
disease. [6, 7, 8]
Fibers
Fibers in foods are complex carbohydrates. Weisburger JH
and co-workers at American Health Foundation, NY,
classified them into soluble and insoluble fibers. [9]
Soluble fibers are present in fruits, vegetables, and certain
grains. This type of fiber undergoes metabolism in the small
intestine and especially in the large intestine through
bacterial enzymes. During their metabolism, they produce
detoxified products, reducing the risk of colon
carcinogenesis.
While, insoluble fibers present in wheat or rice bran, are not
significantly metabolized by intestinal enzymes. These
insoluble fibers increase stool size though higher water
retention and other mechanisms. The larger bulk dilutes
carcinogens resulting in lower risk of colon cancer. In theory,
increased intake of total fiber to yield a daily stool can
reduce the risk of colon cancer. [9]
Protein
Chavan JK and Kadam SS. from Mahatma Phule Agricultural
University, India, consider rice bran as a vegetable protein
sources for nutritional enrichment of the bakery products.
[10] Rice bran contains multiple forms of lipases that causes
rapid deterioration of oil to free fatty acids and glycerol. [11]
[1] Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. Tocotrienol: the natural
vitamin E to defend the nervous system? Ann N Y Acad Sci.
2004 Dec;1031:127-42. [2] Sun W, Yan Y, Dong F.
Progression of tocotrienols Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004
Mar;33(2):243-5. [3] Cicero AF, Gaddi A. Rice bran oil and
gamma-oryzanol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias
and other conditions. Phytother Res. 2001
Jun;15(4):277-89. [4] Sugano M, Koba K, Tsuji E. Health
benefits of rice bran oil. Anticancer Res. 1999
Sep-Oct;19(5A):3651-7. [5] Jariwalla RJ. Rice-bran products:
phytonutrients with potential applications in preventive and
clinical medicine. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2001;27(1):17-26. [6]
Scavariello EM, Arellano DB. Gamma-oryzanol: an important
component in rice brain oilArch Latinoam Nutr. 1998
Mar;48(1):7-12. [7] Sugano M, Tsuji E. Rice bran oil and
cholesterol metabolism. J Nutr. 1997 Mar;127(3):521S-524S.
[8] Sugano M, Tsuji E. Rice bran oil and human health.
Biomed Environ Sci. 1996 Sep;9(2-3):242-6. [9] Weisburger
JH, et al, Protective mechanisms of dietary fibers in
nutritional carcinogenesis. Basic Life Sci. 1993;61:45-63.
[10] Chavan JK and Kadam SS. Nutritional enrichment of
bakery products by supplementation with nonwheat flours.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1993;33(3):189-226. [11] Prakash J.
Rice bran proteins: properties and food uses. Crit Rev Food
Sci Nutr. 1996 Jul;36(6):537-52.
disease-preventing and health-related benefits in
experimental research studies. The phytonutrients that have
been studied include include inositol and related
compounds, inositol hexaphosphate (IP6 or phytate), rice oil,
ferulic acid, gamma-oryzanol, plant sterols, tocotrienols and
RICEO, a new rice-bran-derived product. These compounds
may benefit conditions including cancer, hyperlipidemia, fatty
liver, hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and heart disease. [5]
Rice Bran Oil
The available data in humans suggest that rice bran oil
(RBO) is an edible oil of preference for improving plasma
lipid and lipoprotein profiles similar to more commonly used
vegetable oils. Rice bran oil and its main components
(unsaturated fatty acids, triterpene alcohols, phytosterols,
tocotrienols, alpha-tocopherol) have demonstrated an ability
to improve the plasma lipid profiles in animal and human
studies, reducing total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride
concentration and increasing the high density lipoprotein
cholesterol level. [3,4, 8]
Other potential benefits of rice bran oil and gamma-oryzanol
include modulation of pituitary secretion, inhibition of gastric
acid secretion, antioxidant action and inhibition of platelet
aggregation. [3,4,7, 8]
Tocotrienols
Rice bran, corn, soybean, palm, barley oils and olive oils are
rich in tocotrienols. Tocotrienols are formerly known as zeta-
or eta-tocopherols, and they are structurally and functionally
similar to tocopherols. [1]
Vitamin E is a generic term for all tocopherols and their
derivatives having the biological activity of
RRR-alpha-tocopherol And, they are alpha-, beta-, gamma-
and delta-tocopherol; and alpha-, beta-, gamma- and
delta-tocotrienol. [1]
Similar to Vitamin E, tocotrienols have many potential health
benefits. Tocotrienols possess powerful antioxidant,
anticancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects.
Alpha-tocotrienol has been found to be multi-fold more
potent than alpha-tocopherol in protecting HT4 and primary
neuronal cells against toxicity induced by toxins such as
glutamate. At very low concentration, tocotrienol, but not
tocopherol, can still protect neurons by an
antioxidant-independent mechanism. [1, 2, 7]
Gamma-oryzanol
Gamma-oryzanol, a natural andioxidant, is a mixture of
ferulic acid esters of sterol and triterpene alcohols. It is
about 1-2% in rice bran oil. Study has shown its benefit on
lowering cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart
disease. [6, 7, 8]
Fibers
Fibers in foods are complex carbohydrates. Weisburger JH
and co-workers at American Health Foundation, NY,
classified them into soluble and insoluble fibers. [9]
Soluble fibers are present in fruits, vegetables, and certain
grains. This type of fiber undergoes metabolism in the small
intestine and especially in the large intestine through
bacterial enzymes. During their metabolism, they produce
detoxified products, reducing the risk of colon
carcinogenesis.
While, insoluble fibers present in wheat or rice bran, are not
significantly metabolized by intestinal enzymes. These
insoluble fibers increase stool size though higher water
retention and other mechanisms. The larger bulk dilutes
carcinogens resulting in lower risk of colon cancer. In theory,
increased intake of total fiber to yield a daily stool can
reduce the risk of colon cancer. [9]
Protein
Chavan JK and Kadam SS. from Mahatma Phule Agricultural
University, India, consider rice bran as a vegetable protein
sources for nutritional enrichment of the bakery products.
[10] Rice bran contains multiple forms of lipases that causes
rapid deterioration of oil to free fatty acids and glycerol. [11]
[1] Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. Tocotrienol: the natural
vitamin E to defend the nervous system? Ann N Y Acad Sci.
2004 Dec;1031:127-42. [2] Sun W, Yan Y, Dong F.
Progression of tocotrienols Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2004
Mar;33(2):243-5. [3] Cicero AF, Gaddi A. Rice bran oil and
gamma-oryzanol in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemias
and other conditions. Phytother Res. 2001
Jun;15(4):277-89. [4] Sugano M, Koba K, Tsuji E. Health
benefits of rice bran oil. Anticancer Res. 1999
Sep-Oct;19(5A):3651-7. [5] Jariwalla RJ. Rice-bran products:
phytonutrients with potential applications in preventive and
clinical medicine. Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2001;27(1):17-26. [6]
Scavariello EM, Arellano DB. Gamma-oryzanol: an important
component in rice brain oilArch Latinoam Nutr. 1998
Mar;48(1):7-12. [7] Sugano M, Tsuji E. Rice bran oil and
cholesterol metabolism. J Nutr. 1997 Mar;127(3):521S-524S.
[8] Sugano M, Tsuji E. Rice bran oil and human health.
Biomed Environ Sci. 1996 Sep;9(2-3):242-6. [9] Weisburger
JH, et al, Protective mechanisms of dietary fibers in
nutritional carcinogenesis. Basic Life Sci. 1993;61:45-63.
[10] Chavan JK and Kadam SS. Nutritional enrichment of
bakery products by supplementation with nonwheat flours.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 1993;33(3):189-226. [11] Prakash J.
Rice bran proteins: properties and food uses. Crit Rev Food
Sci Nutr. 1996 Jul;36(6):537-52.